In 1470 Ayutthaya led an alliance that included Champa (khaki), Dai Viet (pale green) and Mon (light brown). In 1473 Laos broke away from China as Lan Xang and was promptly invaded and annexed by Ayutthaya. In 1491 Rama T'ibodi III came to the throne and began a campaign to unite all of Indo-China under one vast Thai Empire. A war with Brunei (light grey) who had annexed the remnants of Malacca, resulted in the acquisition of Johor in 1502. Then in 1512 Rama T'ibodi's diplomatic campaign bore fruit with the annexation of Champa, followed by Dai Viet in 1520. By now Lan Na (blue green) and the Shan States (dark grey) had also joined the Buddhist Alliance, though only Mon was a vassal of Ayutthaya. Both Malacca and Johor had converted from Islam to Buddhism, thus maintaining the religious cohesion of the Thai Empire, which now comprised thai, khmer, malay, cham and vietnamese cultures. By 1520 the monthly income of the Empire was 36.1.


The Khmer temple of Angkor Wat, Cambodia